It came as a great surprise to women activists on reproductive rights, and indeed to the general population, when a hitherto unknown ‘pro-life’ group appeared in 1981 arguing for a referendum of the population on the subject of abortion. They sought to insert a foetal right to life clause in the Irish written Constitution. It was a surprise because no one was campaigning for abortion at the time. Indeed the main concern was the absence of a legal right to contraception for women and men and teenage girls and boys. This was not a situation where some gains had been made which were now being unwound - as in the USA.
In fact, abortion has been illegal since 1861, when Ireland had been part of the United Kingdom. Nothing much changed for the better for women when Ireland became independent in 1922. Up to 1967, pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies in Ireland either had their baby in England and gave the child up for adoption, used the limited abortion provisions in England (Infant Life Preservation Act, 1929) or, if young and unmarried, were placed in a convent laundry in Ireland where they gave birth in secret and their child was taken away for adoption in Ireland or the USA. Information or publication on abortion of any type was banned under censorship laws. English magazines with advertisements for abortion clinics in the UK were threatened with being banned from circulation in Ireland. In 1977, feminist Marie McMahon was prosecuted for having copies of the banned UK feminist magazine Spare Rib.
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“A low rate of corporation tax on export-orientated activity has been a cornerstone of our industrial policy since the 1950s and the 12½% rate is now part of our international ‘brand’. The contribution from the corporate sector will be made through the maintenance and creation of high value employment.”

The current debate on the need to cut back the state in order to unleash the power of entrepreneurship and innovation in the private sector builds upon a stark contrast that is repeatedly drawn by the media, business and libertarian politicians: a dynamic, creative competitive private sector versus a sluggish, bureaucratic, inert, ‘meddling' public sector. Company heads complain about the state stifling innovation; in the US, Tea Party politicians call for the state not to meddle in areas like healthcare that are more efficiently run by the market; David Cameron 
“Civil disobedience is not our problem. Our problem is civil obedience. Our problem is that people all over the world have obeyed the dictates of leaders…and millions have been killed because of this obedience…Our problem is that people are obedient all over the world in the face of poverty and starvation and stupidity, and war, and cruelty. Our problem is that people are obedient while the jails are full of petty thieves… (and) the grand thieves are running the country. That’s our problem.”
Dublin-based street artist CANVAZ was out and about last night adding his latest stencil-work to the city's Outernet.


